Yixing Feihong Steel Pacaging tau txheej txheem
1. Vim li cas ho muaj cov kaus poom?
Khoom noj khoom haus thiab haus dej haus tuaj yeem khaws tus saj thiab zaub mov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov ntim txog li ob peb xyoos. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov sij hawm ntev cia, cov kev sib tshuam ntawm lub ntim thiab cov zaub mov yuav tsum tau raug txo kom tsawg. Cov kaus poom muaj feem ntau nrog cov organic txheej uas tiv thaiv lub sam xeeb txog ntawm qhov tau los ntawm cov zaub mov thiab tiv thaiv kev quav tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau thiab zaub mov. Yuav ua kom tiav cov kev cai thiab kev cai lij choj, cov coatings yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov kev ua thiab kev sib txuam (1, 3), yuav tsum muaj feem xyuam rau txhua yam khoom noj thiab dej haus (2), tiv thaiv cov tshuaj qoob rau cov khoom noj kom ntau rau cov tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv (4) , ua raws li tus tom qab uas tsis yog lub cev (5), tiv thaiv kev txhoj puab zaub mov thiab tiv thaiv cov hlau ntawm cov kaus poom (6), thiab khaws cov khoom noj thiab tswj nws cov khoom nruab nrog cev ntau xyoo (7).
2. Tau cov ntaub ntawv qhia tawm thiab kev ua lag luam
Cov kaus poom yog ua los ntawm peb cov khoom sib txawv: txhuas, tin-coated steel (tinplate) thiab electrolytic chromium coated steel (ECCS). Lub cev puas yog tsim ua 3 daim ntim cov kaus poom (3PC), 2-thooj kos duab thiab redrawn (DRD) cov kaus poom lossis ua 2 daim ntuag thiab ironed (D & I) cov kaus poom. Independently ntawm cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, cov kaus poom feem ntau coated hauv lawv thiab externally nrog films ntawm 1 mus rau 10 μm thickness. Cov coatings feem ntau yog siv rau ob sab ntawm cov phiajcim hlau los yog cov coils ntawm cov txheej txheej ua ntej cov kaus poom. Xwb, coatings yog sprayed ntawm preformed cov kaus poom. Cov kaus poom yog siv tsis muaj txheej tha xim rau xim dawb, kua txob kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo (xws li txiv pineapple, txiv pears, txiv duaj), vim tin yog yooj yim dua oxidized dua li cov zaub mov, yog li tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tsaus thiab tsw hloov ntawm oxidation ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov kaus poom zaub mov feem ntau muaj siab-sterilized nrog lub caij nyoog txaus rau cov nyob ntawm seb hom zaub mov. Txawm li cas los xij, haus dej hauv cov kaus poom yuav tau muab tshuaj los yog muab sib tov rau hauv cov txeej daig los yog puv hauv cov neeg mob aseptic.
Ntau tshaj li 300 plhom dej qab haus dej yog tsim txhua xyoo. Hauv 2014, 90% ntawm cov dej haus muaj dej haus tau ua los ntawm txhuas; lub ntxiv 10% muaj steel. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau xam tias 75 billion khoom noj khoom haus muag tau muag thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 2011. Hauv 2013, txog US $ 30 billion thiab US $ 9 billion tau globally tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog haus thiab zaub mov noj. Nyob rau hauv 2011, lub ntiaj teb no muaj peev xwm ntawm tau coatings kwv yees li 800'000 metric tons, uas sib sau mus rau ib tug nqi lag luam ntawm € 2.8 billion.
3. Coatings: khoom thiab lwm yam
Ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem yog cov khoom lag luam, tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv yog raws li ib qho kev txwv ntawm cov chemicals functionalities (Cov lus). Cov coatings muaj ntau hom tshuaj ntxiv, xws li cov neeg ua haujlwm kom ntws tawm ntws raws li cov khoom ntim thiab thwj tawm ntawm cov coatings, lubricants, anti-foaming agents, adhesives, txhuam rau hydrochloric acids, thiab pigments.
Epoxy raws li coatings muaj ntau tshaj lag luam ua ke ntawm ntau tshaj 90%. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tuam txhab ua lag luam thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus tau tsim los hloov BPA raws li epoxy coatings los ntawm kev hloov tau cov pov thawj toxicological, kev sib tham pej xeem, thiab cov kev txiav txim siab tsis ntev los no. Acrylic thiab polyester coatings yog tam sim no siv raws li thawj tiam mus rau epoxy coatings thiab, tsis ntev los no, polyolefin thiab non-BPA epoxy coatings tau tsim. Cov kev tsim tau ntxiv xws li BPA capturing systems thiab top coatings. Feem ntau ntawm cov coatings lwm yog kim kim dua epoxy coatings thiab tej zaum yuav tsis pom tib array ntawm cov yam ntxwv nrog rau lawv cov stability thiab universal applicability tsis tau.
Epoxy coatings
Hauv lub sijhawm xyoo 1950, epoxy resins tau pib ua cov coatings rau txhuas thiab cov hlau poom. Lawv qhov kev ruaj ntseg, kev tiv thaiv, thiab cov khoom ua tau ua rau lawv siv cov ntaub ntawv ntau tshaj plaws. Feem ntau epoxy coatings yog tsim los ntawm bisphenol A (BPA, CAS 80-05-7) thiab epichlorohydrin forming bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether epoxy resins. Ntau hom sib txawv ntawm epoxy coatings tau tsim nrog epoxy-phenolic coatings yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws pab pawg. Lwm hom blended resins xws li epoxy amines, acrylates, thiab anhydrides.
Oleoresins
Ua ntej txheejtxim tau los ntawm oleoresins, uas yog sib xyaw cov roj thiab cov khoom uas rho los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Oleoresins yog yooj yim es siv tau yooj yim, tab sis tsis ua zoo zoo rau cov pa hlau, muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog, thiab xav tau ntev lub sij hawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav hloov cov khoom nruab nrog cev ntawm organoleptic.
Vinyl
Vinyl coatings yog tsim los ntawm cov kua chloride thiab cov acetate vinyl. Lawv yog cov yooj yim thiab ruaj khov nyob rau hauv acidic thiab alkaline puag, tab sis lawv tsis adhere zoo rau hlau thiab tsis tiv thaiv thaum muaj kev kub. Vinyl coatings xav tau cov yas yas thiab cov tshuaj ruaj ruaj thiab feem ntau yog sib xyaw nrog lwm cov resins. Vinyl organosols yog npaj los ntawm kev ncua ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov organic hnyav. Organosols zoo dua cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, thermal stability, thiab adhesion zog tshaj cov yas coatings.
Phenolic
Phenolic resins yog tsim los ntawm phenols thiab aldehydes. Lawv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv heev thiab tiv thaiv cov kaus poom los ntawm sulfide tsoo. Phenolics tsis muaj kev ywj pheej, tsis txhob ua zoo rau hlau, thiab yuav hloov cov ntxhiab thiab tsw ntawm cov khoom noj. Lawv siv cov coatings rau drums thiab pails, tiam sis unbrlended phenolic resins tsis siv hauv cov zaub mov thiab dej haus. Txawm li cas los, cov phenolics yog cov khaub lig ntuag (xws li hauv cov tshuaj reocide) thiab ua rau lawv tsis kam.
Acrylic
Acrylic resins feem ntau yog muab coj los ua ke ntawm ethylacrylate. Lawv muaj lub qhov muag huv thiab pom cov corrosion thiab sulfide pes zog ua haujlwm, tab sis lawv cov nkig thiab tej zaum yuav hloov tus saj thiab ntxhiab ntawm cov khoom noj.
Polyester
Isophthalic acid (IPA) thiab terephthalic acid (TPA) yog lub ntsiab carboxylic acids uas siv hauv polyester coatings. Polyester resins yog yooj yim los lis thaum cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab sib zog kom zoo rau cov hlau ntim, tab sis lawv feem ntau tsis ruaj khov nyob rau hauv acidic cov neeg mob thiab muaj ib qho kev tsis haum corrosion. Xwb, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coatings yog siv los laminate haus cov kaus poom, tab sis adhesives yuav tsum tau mus khi tus tsiaj mus rau hlau.
Polyolefins
Coatings uas yog raws li cov dispersions ntawm polyolefins tau nyuam qhuav nkag lub lag luam. Raws li lub khw, qhov kawg polyolefin txheej muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion, adhesion, thiab yooj tsis cuam tshuam cov qab ntawm cov zaub mov.
4. Kev tswj
TUAJ
Polymeric thiab resinous coatings yog them rau hauv 21 CFR 175.300 . Txoj cai no muaj cai tso cai pib tshuaj thiab qhia txog cov kev kuaj mob thiab kev tsiv tsaim. Cov coatings ua tau raws li cov lus qhia no yog ua raws txoj cai. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2015, California Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Tsim Kho Kev Nyab Xeeb (OEHHA) tau ntxiv BPA rau daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj uas paub tias ua rau muaj kev sib deev hauv Tsab Ntawv Tiv Thaiv 65 . Cov kws ua lag luam, cov neeg muag khoom, thiab muag khoom tam sim no yuav tsum tau qhia rau cov neeg tau txais kev pab ntawm cov khoom BPA uas muaj tseeb thiab tsim nyog ceeb toom txog cov tshuaj muaj yees (FPF qhia ).
Teb chaws Europe
Cov coatings tsis raug tswj los ntawm ib txoj cai thoob teb chaws EU, tab sis cov kev ntsuas hauv teb chaws muaj nyob rau hauv Netherlands, Belgium , Czech Republic, Greece, Ltalis, Slovakia, Fabkis, thiab Spain. Txoj cai tswj kev ua kom haum rau cov tshuaj uas paub tias muaj peev xwm ua tau los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kabmob hauv kev ua haujlwm rau bisphenol Ib qho diglycidyl ether (BADGE) thiab nws cov kev ua haujlwm (Commission Regulation EC 1895/2005 ) thiab rau cov tshuaj tsis sib haum (Commission Regulation EC 242/2004 ). Tus Tsab Ntawv Teev Cov Kev Cai Tswj ntawm BPA nyob rau hauv varnishes thiab coatings tam sim no qhia txog ib qho kev txwv migration txwv ntawm 0.05 mg / kg khoom noj khoom haus (FPF qhia ). Hauv Fabkis, kev siv BPA raug txwv hauv FCMs nrog rau tag nrho cov ntim, ntim thiab cov tais diav uas yuav tuaj mus rau cov zaub mov (LOI n ° 2010-729 ) (FPF qhia ).
5. Kev tsiv mus los, raug & ceev nrooj
Feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tshuaj lom neeg tsiv cov zaub mov ntawm cov khoom noj tau npaj rau BPA, BADGE thiab lawv cov derivatives. Tshwj xeeb yog cov ntaub ntawv rau BPA muab ib qhov zoo rau kev kwv yees. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov migrates ntawm cov kaus poom kuj yuav muaj cov oligomers, catalysts, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj, cov roj yooj yim cov kua roj, cov amino acids, acrylic resins, esters ntau, waxes, lubricants, thiab hlau. Tsis tas li, cov khoom tsis yog txhob txwm ntxiv (NIAS) xws li impurities, cov tshuaj los ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom degradation feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm cov neeg thoj nam. Cov xwm txheej raug rau cov no, feem ntau cov sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov nyuaj lossis tseem tsis paub los xam, vim tias ntau tus NIAS tsis paub lossis tsis muaj tseeb.
Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg kis tau mus rau BPA thiab kev noj mov hauv kaus poom thiab, kom qis dua, haus dej qab zib haus. Xyoo 2012, txoj kev tshawb no pom tias BADGE thiab nws cov dej caw tau kuaj pom nyob hauv US thiab Suav teb thiab cov kev tso zis muaj ntau dua BPA los ntawm 3 mus rau 4 zaug.
6. Kev muaj mob
Cov coatings feem ntau tso cov tshuaj sib tov sib xyaw rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab tsuas yog tsawg ntawm cov migrants tau kuaj kom huv. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kuab lom ntau rau BPA ua kom muaj ntau yam kev sib txawv xws li kev sib txuas lus thiab kev loj hlob zoo li zoo li neurological, lub cev tsis muaj zog, kab mob hauv lub cev thiab cov teebmeem metabolic. Nyob rau hauv 2004, BADGE raug txiav txim siab tsis tsim kev txhawj xeeb rau genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reprotoxicity thiab kev loj hlob toxicity. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntau dhau los tau qhia txog qee cov teebmeem txog kev tsim cov kev tawm tsam thiab kev loj hlob.
Ntau tus cov neeg thaij yeeb yam tsis paub, tab sis lawv yuav xav pab txhawb kom muaj tshuaj lom lub neej. Hauv xyoo 2006, cytotoxic teebmeem ntawm migrates los ntawm epoxy- thiab polyester-based coatings tau sim siv cov kev sojntsuam. Cov txiaj ntsim ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam no tau pom tias tsuas yog li 0.5% ntawm cov teeb meem cytotoxic ntsuas hauv cov migrate los ntawm epoxy coatings yuav raug siv mus rau BPA, BADGE thiab BADGE · H2O. Qhov piv txwv no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev xeem uas npaj lub hom phiaj zaum kawg thiab tsis yog cov tshuaj nkaus xwb thaum muaj kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb.
